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From Policy to Practice: Strengthening Local Governments to End Open Defecation in Nigeria

Executive Summary Nigeria’s traditional authority system—long central to local governance—is becoming increasingly unstable due to weak institutional frameworks, inconsistent legal standards, and rising political interference. Across rural and peri-urban communities, traditional rulers play vital roles in dispute resolution, land management, and community mobilisation. Yet the mechanisms governing their recognition, suspension, and removal remain fragmented and unpredictable. Between 2020 and 2025, at least 30 publicly reported chieftaincy disputes across several states revealed systemic governance failures rather than isolated incidents. These disruptions are driven by gaps in local government administration, divergent state laws, prolonged judicial processes, and weakly formalised advisory systems. Executive discretion—particularly during electoral cycles—has further intensified instability, undermining procedural credibility and public trust. The consequences are immediate and material: leadership vacuums delay development projects, weaken local security coordination, and erode institutional legitimacy in already fragile settings. Despite their continued relevance, traditional institutions operate within a constitutional grey zone, lacking clear and enforceable governance standards. This brief argues that stabilisation—not expansion—of traditional authority is required. It proposes four priorities: ● Standardizing due-process safeguards, ● Accelerating judicial resolution, ● Institutionalizing structured consultation, and ● Modernizing administrative systems. Strengthening these mechanisms is essential to restoring predictability, legitimacy, and coherence in Nigeria’s subnational governance.