Executive SummaryNigeria’s failure to realise Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, sustainable, resilient, and inclusive cities, is fundamentally a governance and delivery challenge rather than a deficit of policy intent or technical knowledge. Rapid urbanisation, with an urban population of over 123 million growing at 4.1 per cent annually, has intersected with intensifying climate risks to expose infrastructure systems built without enforceable standards, coordinated mandates, or predictable financing. The 2022 floods alone affected 4.4 million people, displaced up to 1.4 million, and caused widespread damage to roads, housing, and economic assets, while coastal cities such as Lagos face accelerating shoreline erosion averaging about 2.6 meters per year.This policy brief argues that binding governance reform is the decisive lever for achieving SDG 11. The core constraint is weak enforcement of resilience standards and fragmented decision authority across federal, state, and local institutions, allowing political and informal considerations to override risk-informed planning.Drawing on comparative lessons from Bangladesh, the Netherlands, the Philippines, and South Africa, this brief proposes a coherent reform package centered on statutory accountability, climate-proofed infrastructure standards, conditional and decentralised finance, coastal and nature-based defenses, and integrated data and early warning systems.If implemented, these reforms would reduce lifecycle infrastructure losses, protect vulnerable urban populations, and directly advance SDG 11 targets, particularly disaster loss reduction (11.5) and integrated resilience planning (11.b), by aligning incentives, finance, and delivery with climate-resilient urban development.  From Governance Reform to Resilient CitiesNigeria’s urban infrastructure vulnerability does not stem from a lack of policy intent, but from the failure to …